1. When information is available, use forecast fields to compare to incoming data. Those data mismatching the forecast require closer looks.
2. AODC check that sea surface reference temperature agrees with the XBT surface value to within 3 degrees.
3. A test is required that takes the position of a profile and uses the fact that it is near a source of freshwater to refine the permissible salinity limits. This would be a refinement of range tests based on regions.
4. VNIIGMI-WDC suggests the use of statistical criteria on data accumulated over one month, in a region of 5 or 10 degrees squares and at standard depths. The individual observations are then tested to see if they exceed 3 standard deviations based on the distribution of values. It is suggested that either the Tukey or Dickson criteria could be used. These are described in "Exploratory Data Analysis" by J.W. Tukey, Addison and Wesley, 1977, pp 693 and in "Statistische Auswertungsmethoden" by L.Sachs, Springer, 1972, pp 598.
5. DHI has suggested that a water mass test be employed. This could either be a comparison of TS curves to a climatology (as is partly done in test 3.2) or as a comparison to volumetric analysis compiled for various ocean areas.